Journal: Antioxidants

Article Title: Antioxidant Activity of Annurca Apple By-Products at Different Ripening Stages: A Sustainable Valorization Approach

doi: 10.3390/antiox14080941

Figure Lengend Snippet: ABTS assay of ripe and unripe Annurca apple samples. ( A ) Flesh samples. ( B ) Peel samples. ( C ) Core samples. ( D ) Differences between samples of the different components. ( E ) Standards for positive control. Statistical analysis is performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test. *** ( p < 0.001), ** ( p < 0.01), * ( p < 0.05), and ns ( p > 0.05).

Article Snippet: ABTS assay kit (E-BC-K271-M) was from ElabScience (Houston, TX, USA).

Techniques: ABTS Assay, Positive Control

Journal: Antioxidants

Article Title: Aerobic Training Down-Regulates Pentraxin 3 and Pentraxin 3/Toll-Like Receptor 4 Ratio, Irrespective of Oxidative Stress Response, in Elderly Subjects

doi: 10.3390/antiox9020110

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of an 8-week aerobic training on plasma PTX3 ( a ) and oxidative biomarkers (GSH ( b ), TEAC ( c ), and total ROS/RNS ( d )) in both trained (TG) and control (CG) groups. Data are means ± SEM. GSH, reduced glutathione; PTX3, pentraxin 3; ROS/RNS, reactive oxygen/ nitrogen species; TEAC, trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity.

Article Snippet: The plasma pentraxin 3 (cat# ab214570, Abcam, Cambridge, UK), reduced glutathione (GSH, cat# E-BC-K030, Elabscience, Texas, USA) and total antioxidant capacity (TEAC) (ABTS assay, cat# AOX-1, Zenbio, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA) were measured through commercially available kits with the Epoch™ microplate spectrophotometer (BioTek Instruments, Winooski, VT, USA).

Techniques:

Journal: The Febs Journal

Article Title: Hydromethylthionine sustains truncated tau‐dependent inflammation‐lowering effects in mouse brain

doi: 10.1111/febs.70021

Figure Lengend Snippet: Levels of inflammatory markers in the brain. TNF‐α (A) and IL‐10 (B) were quantified in NMRI and L66 +/− mice. HMTM produced a dose‐dependent decrease in TNF‐α levels in both NMRI and L66 +/− mice, both as monotherapy and in combination with memantine, compared to vehicle‐treated controls. Neither memantine nor 5 mg·kg −1 HMTM (alone or in combination) altered TNF‐α levels in either genotype. IL‐10 levels remained unchanged in L66 +/− mice across treatments but were significantly elevated in vehicle‐treated L66 +/− mice compared to NMRI mice. In NMRI mice, both memantine and HMTM (5 and 15 mg·kg −1 ) increased IL‐10 levels, with this increase remaining unaffected by combination treatment. Data are expressed as median ± IQR values ( n = 7–10, details of exact n values per experimental group are included in Table ). Correlation between the levels of IL‐10 and TNF‐α (C). Data show significant inverse correlation between the levels of TNF‐α and IL‐10 after a long washout period. All values were transformed into z ‐scores. A Kruskal–Wallis test was used to analyse (A, B). Statistical differences: * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001; **** P < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: The murine tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) Standard ABTS ELISA kit (Cat. #900‐K54) and murine interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) Mini ABTS ELISA Development kit (Cat. #900‐M53) were obtained from Peprotech EC, Ltd. (London, UK).

Techniques: Produced, Transformation Assay

Journal: The Febs Journal

Article Title: Hydromethylthionine sustains truncated tau‐dependent inflammation‐lowering effects in mouse brain

doi: 10.1111/febs.70021

Figure Lengend Snippet: Truncated tau fragments correlate with increased TNF‐α. Correlations between the levels of TNF‐α and FL‐hTau (CB7) (A), FL‐hTau (s1D12) (B), FL‐mTau (C), 36.3 kD tau fragment (D), 26.8 kD tau fragments (E) and 24.5 kD tau fragments (F). TNF‐α levels were inversely correlated with N‐terminal human tau and murine tau but positively correlated with the three truncated tau fragments (24.5, 26.8 and 36.3 kD). All values (A, B – hTau/L66 +/− : n = 52; C–F – mTau and truncated tau: n = 109) were transformed into z ‐scores and differences were considered statistically significant when P < 0.05.

Article Snippet: The murine tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) Standard ABTS ELISA kit (Cat. #900‐K54) and murine interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) Mini ABTS ELISA Development kit (Cat. #900‐M53) were obtained from Peprotech EC, Ltd. (London, UK).

Techniques: Transformation Assay

Journal: PLoS Biology

Article Title: The developmental Wnt signaling pathway effector β-catenin/TCF mediates hepatic functions of the sex hormone estradiol in regulating lipid metabolism

doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000444

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A–B) Western blot shows the effect of E2 and G15 treatment on β-cat Ser675 phosphorylation. Representative blot of 3 independent experiments, with densitometrical analysis results presented in panel B. Cells were pretreated with or without G15 (10 nM) for 45 minutes, followed by E2 (100 nM) or vehicle treatment (as control) for another 120 minutes. (C–D) Cellular cAMP levels, determined by ELISA, in the HepG2 cell line (C) and in MPH (D). Cells were pretreated with IBMX (10 μM) or IMBX plus G15 (10 nM) for 15 minutes, followed by further E2 (100 nM) or G1 (100 nM), or forskolin (10 μM) treatment for 15 minutes. Data are presented as fold change against that of the control samples. (E–G) qRT-PCR shows TCF7L2 , TCF7 , and Axin2 mRNA levels in HepG2 cells with designated treatment. Cells were pretreated with or without G15 (10 nM) for 45 minutes, followed by further E2 (100 nM) or vehicle treatment for 6 hours. (H) qRT-PCR shows TCF7L2 levels in MPHs with designated treatment. Cells were pretreated with or without G15 (10 nM) for 45 minutes, followed by further E2 (100 nM) or vehicle treatment for 6 hours. N ≥ 3 for panels A–H. Values represent mean ± SD. (I) A diagram summarizes the current understanding on the role of E2 on lipid metabolism. Underlying numerical values can be found in . β-cat, β-catenin; Axin2, axis inhibition protein 2; CON, control; E2, estradiol; ERα/β, estrogen receptor α/β; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide-1; GLP-1R, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor; GPER, G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor; IBMX, 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine; IGF-1R, Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor; IR, insulin receptor; MPH, mouse primary hepatocyte; PAK1, p21-activated protein kinase 1; PKA, protein kinase A; qRT-PCR, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; TCF, T cell factor.

Article Snippet: Cellular cAMP levels in the human HepG2 cell line and MPHs were determined utilizing the commercial kit (510040) from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI), following the manufacturer’s instruction.

Techniques: Western Blot, Phospho-proteomics, Control, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Quantitative RT-PCR, Inhibition, Reverse Transcription, Polymerase Chain Reaction